Exciting news! I've just discovered a chapter which I failed to include in my new book, "The Merchants of Menace," recently published online. I'm posting it below as a complementary addition. ENJOY! L.P.
PHOSPHORUS: A STUDY IN CONTRASTS.
One of the lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area in Ontario, separated with a heavy "sea-curtain." Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were added to the bottom part, but only carbon and nitrogen to the top. The murky colour at the bottom indicates dense algal blooms, dramatically portraying the role of phosphorus in eutrophication. An International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) image.
Groundbreaking research directed by the late, internationally-renowned water expert, David Schindler in 1969 - depicted
in the famous image above - clearly showed the world that phosphates
were the main culprits in the eutrophication process, settling an ongoing
dispute over their role in laundry detergents. To drive his point home,
Schindler wrote in findings of the Royal Society in 2012;
The only method that has had proven
success in reducing the eutrophication of
lakes is reducing input of phosphorus. The
Canadian Government responded quickly,
banning high-phosphate laundry detergents
and requiring that phosphorus be removed
by sewage treatment plants in the Great
Lakes Basin in 1973. The result was one of
the biggest success stories in environmental
science and policy.
Lakes Erie and Ontario, and many other
lakes where phosphorus inputs were
controlled, began to recover within a few
years. It was exciting to do science that had
such an immediate and important impact on
ecosystem protection. Phosphorus control
policies were enacted in many countries.
Many jurisdictions from North America to
Europe imposed at least partial bans, too.
Yet, almost as if phosphorus in laundry detergents was especially
damaging, while the same in pig manure was somehow benign -
significant action was taken to address the former - nothing for the latter.
Not unlike the pork sector and its enablers, the lucrative detergents
industry had indignantly tried to place the blame elsewhere, insisting
that the problem lay, not with phosphates at all, but with carbon, or
perhaps nitrogen!
Meanwhile, the hog lobby remains quick to point the finger of
“eutrophication blame” almost exclusively at human waste rather than
its own, copious by-product. In 2011, when a de facto ban on new barn
construction was still in effect, the Chair of the Manitoba Pork Council,
Karl Kynoch, scolded politicians at a legislative committee hearing;
One of the most infuriating things about this
total ban on new hog production is the
unfairness of it all. You have not treated any
other group in Manitoba with the same
mean-spirited tactics. For example, while
the city of Winnipeg contributes several
times more nutrients to the lake than the hog
industry, including numerous major spills of
raw sewage every year directly into the
rivers, you haven't banned all new buildings in the city the way that you have the hog
sector.
And, as is sometimes the case with such sweeping statements - there’s an
element of truth in it. Records show the City of Winnipeg has probably
released raw, untreated sewage into the Red and Assiniboine Rivers
hundreds of times since at least 2004. In April of 2022 for example, it
was forced by prolonged rainfall, to release almost sixty million litres
(59.5ML) into the Red River (which flows into Lake Winnipeg) from
one of its wastewater treatment plants. To have done otherwise, says the
city, would have posed “a serious risk of basement flooding upstream.”
Sadly, while such incidents have become all-too-common,
Kynoch’s allegation that they represent “several times the nutrients
going into the lake” than that of his own industry (which, we he would
have us believe, are either infinitesimal or non-existent), must surely be
relegated to the category of blatant corporate overstatement.
Keep in mind, sewage releases like the ones just described are
“forced” events - considered unavoidable if serious property damage is
to be avoided. Slurry-spreading, on the other hand - and its inevitable
spreading into the wider environment - is “baked into” formal
government policy. And, while manure could be effectively processed in
digesters, or composted, none of the former and only insignificant
amounts of the latter are happening in Manitoba.
At this writing at least, agreement has been reached which will
see three levels of government spend more than half-a-billion dollars
($550m) to upgrade Winnipeg’s north end sewage treatment plant, the
city’s oldest and largest. According to the plan;
The sludge it produces will be treated and
converted into a nutrient-rich product that
can be safely re-used as fertilizer or soil -
diverting it from landfills - removing phosphorus and ultimately improving the
health of Lake Winnipeg, one of Manitoba’s
greatest treasures.
While improvements such as these have been slow in coming
(sometimes delayed by funding or jurisdictional disputes), they’re surely
indicators, finally, of change in the wind. Meanwhile, don’t forget the
pork industry, government and even some segments of academia have
still not budged from their obstinate position that “all is well.” In other
words, they continue to defy both the “common sense” and “scientific”
arguments I presented earlier in this book, clinging instead to the
following;
• “The fact is, there never was any credible scientific evidence
showing that any measurable amounts of pig manure get intowaterways in the first place.” Manitoba Pork
“There’s no compelling evidence that any of these changes
(building more barns) will put water at risk.” Premier Brian
Pallister, 2017.
“If all the hogs in Manitoba disappeared, the amount of
phosphorus flowing into the lake would essentially be the same.”
Prof. Don Flaten, U of M.
Ironically, neither have they hesitated to refer to the ban on the winter
spreading of slurry on farm fields as evidence that hogs were
contributing only insignificant amounts of phosphorus to waterways.
Please read on. You’ll see what I mean.
My full book may be accessed here.